Small-arm.



H. BORGHARDT.

I SMALL ARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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H. BORCHARDT.

SMALL ARM.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 13, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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l H. BORGHARDT.

SMALL ARM.

,APPLICATION FILED MAY 1a, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912.

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'HUGO IBORCHARIDT, OF CHARLOTTENBURG, GER-MANY.

SMALL-ARM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed May 13, 1909.

Patented May 7, 1912. Serial No. 495,778.

tain new and useful Improvements in Small- Arms, of which the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to fire-arms, and more especially to automatictire-arms in which the breech-bolt is withdrawn or driven rearward byrecoil following discharge of the piece, and in which the emptylcartridge-case or shell is extracted by the breech-bolt in its rearwardmovement.

The particular object of the invention is i to provide a ire-arm inwhich there is .a delayed and preferably yielding or elastic .basethereof is liable to be broken away, or-faction of the breech-bolt inits operation of extracting the cartridge-case. This is desirableinasmuch as the cylindrical walls of the cartridge case are pressed bythe gases of explosion against the inner walls-of the barrel so that thecartridgefcase presents a substantial, resistance against its extractionfrom the barrel, and if too sudden or strong a pull is exerted onthe,cartridge-case, the

damage caused to the extractor, thereby disabling the gun.

The invention consists, generally, of a tire-arm having a breech blockmovable into and out of engagement with the breech thereof, and acartridge-extractor, the extractor being mounted on a part of thebreech-bolt capable of allowing the body or main portion ofthebreech-bolt a limited movement independent thereof in its movement awayfrom the breech of the gun. Between this part or head and the body ofthe breech-bolt there is preferably arranged a spring for the purpose ofproviding an elast-ic or resilient engagement between the two parts. Inthe form of the invention illus' trated the breech-boltis shown asconnected with a toggle lever which breaks joint on i recoil of the gunto allow the breech-boltto move away from the breech, but the breechboltmay operate or be operated in any other suitable manner.

For a more detailed 'description of the invention reference will be hadto the accompanying drawings (but these ldrawings are to be consideredas illustratory only and not as defining the limits of the invention)wherein-e Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a gun embodying myimprovements, with the breech closed and before discharge.' Fig. 2 is asimilar view, after discharge of the gun, and showing the relativemovement of the breech-bolt and head in the initial stage of the openingand extracting movement. Fig. 3 is a horizontal longitudinal section ofthe breech-bolt detached from the gun and showing the parts in thenormal position.

Figs. et and 5 are respectively an elevation and section of thebreech-bolt. Figs. G, T

andS are detail views. of the bodv of theA breech-bolt.; Fig. S) is adetail view of one of the parts of the breech-bolt; Figs. 10, 1'1 and 12are detail views of the bolt-head; and Figs. 13 and 14 are detail viewsof the extractor spring and extractor.

In the construction illustrated a well known form of breech mechanism isshown, wherein the breech-bolt is connected to the gun through a toggledevice, said device comprising the links a and the breechbolt 1, whichis movable toward and away from the breech of the gun to open and cl'osesame, being com'iectcd to link l of the toggle device. This breech-bolthas a partor head r thereon capable of moving, or allowing it (thebreech-bolt) a movement, independent thereof, and to thisl head r isfitted the extractor Il, the longitudinal part '1.1.- by means of itscross pin fw connectil'ig said head r with the end :u forming theabutment for the tiring pin spring f, and, in order to allow the crosspin w to project into the hollow interior of the bolt Z4 and to give thenecessary play between the body of isinserted in the breech-head, and isheldin the engaging position by means of a platey spring z', acting onits upper surface, a' Spe- The extractor /z with its claw I receive thethickened end of' the spring.

vThe construction of this extractor is illustrated in detail in Fig.l-lj and that of its spring in Fig. 13.

The operation of the gun is as follows The parts being inbthe positionillustrated in Fig. 1, that is with the breech closed and before the gunis discharged, the claw of the extractor z engaging over the rim or thebase of the cartridge, and the spring f holding the breech bolt 7c andthe breech head o in close contact through the longitudinal part w, pinw1 and end rc, the gun is fired, after which the breech mechanism beginsto open. The breech head o being held fast by its engagement with thecartridge through the intermediary of the extractor, offers a greatresistance against backward movement, and the shock given to the breechhead o by the explosion is immediately transmitted to the breech-bolt7c, which moves rearward and opens the breech mechanism, while thebackward movement of the breech head is retarded or delayed according tothe amount of the resistance of the cartridge against extraction fromthe barrel. The difference between Vthe rapidities of the backwardmovements of the breech bolt and the breech head causes the breech boltlc to withdraw from the breech head o and the spring f to be compressed,thereby augmenting the tractive force eX- erted by `the breech bolt onthe breech head. From the means. described it follows that theextraction of the cartridge-shell is effected not' suddenly but with agradually increasing force. After the cartridge-shell has been startedfrom its engagement in the barrel, the spring f is free to expand,thereby drawing the head o into engagement with the breech-bolt, whichposition is retained during the completion of the movement of the bolt.

What I claim is 1. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with thebreech thereof, of a breechbolt movable to open and close said breech,

cartridge-extracting means, means for transmitting4 the motion of said'breech-bolt to said cartridge-extracting kmeans upon withdrawal of saidbreech-bolt, and resilient means for modifying momentarily the actionof. said transmitting means after the beiilming of the opening movementof saidv o t. 2. In a breech-loading rearm, the combination with thebreech thereof, of a breechbolt for openinfr and closing said breech op-"erated by recoil of the gun, cartridge-ex@ tracting means, meanstransmitting the motion of said breech-bolt to said cartridge-ex- Itracting means upon withdrawal .of the breech-bolt, and resilient meansfor modify-l ing momentarily the action of said transmitting means afterthe beginning of the opening movement of said bolt.

3. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breechthereof,ofabreech bolt for opening and closing said breech, a part onsaid breech-bolt resiliently connected thereto and movablelongitudinally thereon, and cartridge-extractingmeans carried by saidmovable part of the breechbolt.

4. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof,of a breech-bolt for openin Vand closing said breech, a part on saidbreech-bolt movable longitudinally thereon, a yielding or resilientconnection between said movable part and breech-bolt, andcartridge-extracting means carriedv by said movable part of thebreech-bolt.

5. In a breech-loading rearm,the combination with the breech thereof, ofa breechbolt for opening and closing `said breech,`a part on saidbreech-bolt movable longitudinally thereon, a connecting-piece attachedat one end to said movable part of the breechbolt and at its other endto the breech-bolt, resilient means between said breech-bolt and movablepart thereof, and cartridge-extractone end to said movable part of thebreechbolt and a spring interposed between said breech-bolt andthe'other end of said connecting-piece, and cartridge-extracting meanscarried by said movable part of the breech-bolt.

7. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof,of a breechbolt for opening and closing said breech, a part on saidbreech-bolt movable longitudinally thereon, and a cartridge extractorconnected to said movable part of the breechbolt, said extractor beingpressed upon bya -spring attached to thebreech-bolt and having a slidingbearing on said extractor.

8. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof,of a breechbolt for opening and closing said breech, a firing pinmounted thereoma part on said breech-bolt movable longitudinallythereon, a connecting-piece attached at one end to said movable part ofthe breech-bolt and a. spring interposed between the other endof theconnecting-piece and the firing-pin, and cartridge-extracting meanscarried by said movable part of the breech-bolt.

9. In a breech-loading firearm, the combination with the breech thereof,of a breechbolt for opening and closingl said breech, a part on saidbreech-bolt movable longitudinally'thereon, a yielding or resilientconnection between said'movable part'and the breech-bolt,cartridgeextracting means carv ried by said movable part of thebreech-bolt,

and a toggle devicei one end of which is connected tothe frame of thegun and the other end of which is connected to said breech-bolt, adaptedto press said boltfor- Ward'toA close the breech and to permit a 10rearwacl motion of the breech-bolt to open HUGO BORCHARD'I.

. lVtnesses ROBERT Miou-msm, 'VOLDEMAR HAUPT.

